Package skyview.geometry.projecter

Class Hpx

java.lang.Object
skyview.geometry.Transformer
skyview.geometry.Projecter
skyview.geometry.projecter.Hpx
All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable, Component
public class Hpx extends Projecter
The HEALPix project projects the sky into equal area pixels where the centers of the pixels are lined up on constant values of declination. The nominal HEALPix projection is to the plane and the pixels are shaped like diamonds in this plane. Since we want to have square (or at least rectangular) pixels we often use a rotated plane where we have rotated by 45 degrees and also rescaled the tiles (only slightly) to be unit squares. This is the normalized or oblique projection. In the oblique projection we arrange the 12 base squares into the following orientation 3 40 851 962 A7 B Thus the 12 data squares can be enclosed in a 6x4 array including another 12 unused squares. The diagonal stripe continues where each of the three rows repeats 01230123..., 456745674567..., 89AB89AB89AB... indefinitely and we are free to pick the most convenient arrangement.

An alternative arrangement might be. 40 851 962 A73 B where the data squares can be enclosed in a 5x5 array. (This is similar to the Calabretta arrangement except that they would repeat tile 4 below tile 3. Note that we use a bend dexter rather than the bend sinister in Calabretta since we treat the longitude coordinate are increasing to the right.)

The actual transformations to and from the coordinate plane are carried out using the static methods proj and deproj which are called by the relevant method of Hpx and HpxDeproj. Note that HpxDeproj is included as a static class.

HEALPix is a true transformation so this transformation function does not depend upon the input order (i.e., the number of pixels in the pixelization). This does affect ancillary functions (notably cvtPixel) which are used when individual pixels are to be considered rather than the geometric transformation between sphere and plane.

The nominal HEALPix Projection runs from 0-2 PI in x and is fully filled between 0 and +- Pi/4 in y. It has triangular teeth that extend from the filled region to Pi/2 and cover half the vertical region between PI/4 and PI/2. Thus the total area covered by the projections is 2 PI * (PI/2 + 1/2 * PI/2) A = 2 PI * 3/4 PI. In principle since this is an area conserving transformation we might expect the total area to be 4 PI. However to allow these convenient boundaries to the map the nominal project expands pixels by a factor of 3 PI/8. The nominal area of the projection is A=3 PI^2/2 A = 3 PI^2 /2. So the area of the pixels expands by a factor of 3 PI/8 relative to the area on the unit sphere. A=14.8 so we shrink the tiles slightly when we work in the oblique normalized projection where the tiles are unit squares and the total area is exactly 12.

Given that the total area is 3*PI^2/2, the area of each tile is 3*PI^2 / 24 = PI^2/8 Thus each of the tile sides is sqrt(A/12) = PI/SQRT(8) = PI/ (2 SQRT(2)) in the nominal HEALPix projection (in which the tiles are oriented as diamonds)

See Also:

  • Nested Class Summary

    Nested Classes
    Modifier and Type
    Class
    Description
    static class 
    Hpx.HpxDeproj
     

  • Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor
    Description
    Hpx()
    Default to the 512x512 squares
    Hpx(int order)
     

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    long
    cvtPixel(long pixel)
    This method converts a pixel number based on the assumption that we have a simple two-d image map, into the nested HEALPix pixel number.
    double[]
    denorm(double[] position)
     
    static void
    deproj(double[] in, double[] unit)
    Given an X-Y in the nominal HEALPix projection, return the unit vector on the sphere.
    double[][]
    getCorners(long pix)
    Get the scaled corners of a pixel in the nominal HEALPix projection
    String
    getDescription()
    Get the description of this component.
    double
    getHealpixScale()
    Get the size of the HEALPix pixels in the projection frame.
    Interleave
    getInterleave()
     
    String
    getName()
    Get the name of this component.
    long
    getNSide()
    Get the number of pixels on each side of one of the 12 main HEALPix tiles.
    double[]
    getOblCorner(long pix)
    Get the unscaled (i.e., unit tiles) lower left corner in the oblique projection
    long
    getObliquePixel(double u, double v)
    Given the coordinates in the normalized oblique projection, find the pixel number.
    long
    getPixel(double[] pos)
    Find the pixel that includes the given position.
    Deprojecter
    inverse()
    Get the inverse
    boolean
    isInverse(Transformer t)
    Are these two transformations, inverses of each other? This method is used to optimize a series of transformations where transformations.
    static void
    main(String[] args)
     
    double[]
    normCoords(double[] position)
     
    int
    normTile(double[] norm)
    Return the tile number corresponding to the normalized coordinate location.
    static void
    proj(double[] unit, double[] proj)
     
    double[]
    rotateAndScale(double[] position)
     
    void
    setOrder(int order)
    Set up the base geometry of the HEALPix projection for the given order.
    boolean
    straddle(double[][] xy)
    Does this region specified by the points straddle?
    boolean
    straddleable()
    Can a region straddle in the projection -- and do we have code that can address this?
    double[][][]
    straddleComponents(double[][] xy)
    Decompose a straddling region into multiple non-straddling regions.
    int
    tile(double[] position)
    Return the tile number corresponding to the nominal projection location.
    void
    transform(double[] sphere, double[] plane)
    Convert a single point where the output vector is supplied.
    boolean
    validPosition(double[] plane)
    Decide whether this is in the valid field of the HEALPix projection.

    Methods inherited from class skyview.geometry.Projecter

    allValid, getInputDimension, getOutputDimension, getXTiling, getYTiling, shadowPoint, tissot

    Methods inherited from class skyview.geometry.Transformer

    transform, transform

    Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

    clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

  • Constructor Details

    • Hpx

      public Hpx()
      Default to the 512x512 squares

    • Hpx

      public Hpx(int order)
      Parameters:
      order - The power of two giving the number of pixels along an edge of a square. The total number of pixels in the projection is 12 * Math.pow(2, 2*order)

  • Method Details

    • getHealpixScale

      public double getHealpixScale()
      Get the size of the HEALPix pixels in the projection frame.

    • setOrder

      public void setOrder(int order)
      Set up the base geometry of the HEALPix projection for the given order.
      Parameters:
      order -

    • getInterleave

      public Interleave getInterleave()

    • getName

      public String getName()
      Description copied from interface: Component
      Get the name of this component.

    • getDescription

      public String getDescription()
      Description copied from interface: Component
      Get the description of this component.

    • inverse

      public Deprojecter inverse()
      Description copied from class: Projecter
      Get the inverse
      Specified by:
      inverse in class Projecter

    • isInverse

      public boolean isInverse(Transformer t)
      Description copied from class: Transformer
      Are these two transformations, inverses of each other? This method is used to optimize a series of transformations where transformations.
      Specified by:
      isInverse in class Transformer

    • validPosition

      public boolean validPosition(double[] plane)
      Decide whether this is in the valid field of the HEALPix projection. This uses the geometry noted above.
      Overrides:
      validPosition in class Projecter
      Parameters:
      plane -
      Returns:

    • getOblCorner

      public double[] getOblCorner(long pix)
      Get the unscaled (i.e., unit tiles) lower left corner in the oblique projection

    • getCorners

      public double[][] getCorners(long pix)
      Get the scaled corners of a pixel in the nominal HEALPix projection

    • deproj

      public static void deproj(double[] in, double[] unit)
      Given an X-Y in the nominal HEALPix projection, return the unit vector on the sphere.

    • proj

      public static void proj(double[] unit, double[] proj)

    • transform

      public void transform(double[] sphere, double[] plane)
      Description copied from class: Transformer
      Convert a single point where the output vector is supplied.
      Specified by:
      transform in class Transformer
      Parameters:
      sphere - The input vector.
      plane - The output vector, it may be the same as the input vector if the dimensionalities are the same. All transformers are expected to work with aliased inputs and output.

    • getPixel

      public long getPixel(double[] pos)
      Find the pixel that includes the given position.
      Parameters:
      pos - The position in the nominal HEALPix projection plane

    • getObliquePixel

      public long getObliquePixel(double u, double v)
      Given the coordinates in the normalized oblique projection, find the pixel number.

    • normCoords

      public double[] normCoords(double[] position)

    • denorm

      public double[] denorm(double[] position)

    • tile

      public int tile(double[] position)
      Return the tile number corresponding to the nominal projection location.

    • normTile

      public int normTile(double[] norm)
      Return the tile number corresponding to the normalized coordinate location.

    • rotateAndScale

      public double[] rotateAndScale(double[] position)

    • getNSide

      public long getNSide()
      Get the number of pixels on each side of one of the 12 main HEALPix tiles. Note that while nSide is stored internally as a long to minimize long/int transformations, it must be in the range of an int.
      Returns:

    • cvtPixel

      public long cvtPixel(long pixel)
      This method converts a pixel number based on the assumption that we have a simple two-d image map, into the nested HEALPix pixel number. This routine assumes that the input pixel numbers are associated with a (4 nSide)x(6 nSide) virtual image. Note that this is assumed to be in the oblique frame.

    • straddleable

      public boolean straddleable()
      Can a region straddle in the projection -- and do we have code that can address this?
      Overrides:
      straddleable in class Projecter

    • straddle

      public boolean straddle(double[][] xy)
      Does this region specified by the points straddle?
      Overrides:
      straddle in class Projecter

    • straddleComponents

      public double[][][] straddleComponents(double[][] xy)
      Decompose a straddling region into multiple non-straddling regions.
      Overrides:
      straddleComponents in class Projecter

    • main

      public static void main(String[] args)